E.G. Raevskaya, I.Ya. Gogin, G.S. Iskül, A.A. Suyarkova
Contemporary state of Regional scales of the Lower Paleozoic in the northwest of the East European Platform (Baltic region): actual problems and directions for research
DOI 10.47148/0016-7894-2025-1-67-81
Key words: Lower Paleozoic; Cambrian; Ordovician; Silurian; regional scales; biostratigraphy; East European Platform; northwest; Baltic syneclise; Baltoscandia.
For citation: Raevskaya E.G., Gogin I.Ya., Iskül G.S., Suyarkova A.A. Contemporary state of Regional scales of the Lower Paleozoic in the northwest of the East European Platform (Baltic region): actual problems and directions for research. Geologiya nefti i gaza. 2025;(1):67–81. DOI: 10.47148/0016-7894-2025-1-67-81. In Russ.
An analysis of the current state of the regional stratigraphy of the Lower Paleozoic in the northwest of the East European Platform has revealed quite a number of problems: 1) the officially approved by the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee in the late 1980s regional stratigraphic schemes of the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian are fundamentally outdated; 2) the results of irregular work to update them are scattered and often remain in unpublished reports, including commercial ones, with the impossibility of using contemporary data; 3) the absolute majority of the regional stratigraphic units stratotypes after the Soviet Union collapse turn out to be outside of Russia with limited access to their study; 4) due to the facies heterogeneity of deposits, there is difficulty in recognizing the boundaries of many horizons (in some cases, stages) in Russian sections; 5) it is necessary to re-evaluate the biostratigraphic criteria for identifying and correlating the boundaries of a number of regional stratigraphic units, and to use a range of methods of bio-, litho- and chemostratigraphy. The Lower Paleozoic of the Russian part of the Baltic region contains industrial and potentially productive oil and gas complexes as well as other mineral resources, the exploration, search and prognosis of which require an actual basis of regional stratigraphy. There are all the prerequisites for its creation. It is possible to effectively implement this work within the framework of a special program, including drilling and/or access to high-quality core material from subsoil user companies.
Elena G. Raevskaya ORCiD Scopus
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences,
Head of Department
Russian Geological
Research Institute,
74, Sredny pr., St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia
e-mail: Elena_Raevskaya@karpinskyinstitute.ru
Author ID: 141367
Ivan Y. Gogin
Lead geologist
Russian Geological
Research Institute,
74, Sredny pr., St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia
e-mail: Ivan_Gogin@karpinskyinstitute.ru
Georgii S. Iskül ORCiD
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences,
Researcher
Russian Geological
Research Institute,
74, Sredny pr., St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia
e-mail:Georgy_Iskul@karpinskyinstitute.ru
SPIN-код: 6561-2121
Anna A. Suyarkova
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences,
Researcher
Russian Geological
Research Institute,
74, Sredny pr., St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia
e-mail: Anna_Suyarkova@karpinskyinstitute.ru
Author ID: 69307
1. Geologiya SSSR. Tom 1. Leningradskaya, Pskovskaya i Novgorodskaya oblasti. Geologicheskoe opisanie [Geology of the USSR. Vol. 1. Leningrad, Pskov and Novgorod regions. Geological description]. Moscow: Nedra, 1971. 503 p. In Russ.
2. Ryymusoks A.K. Stratigrafiya viruskoi i khar’yuskoi serii (ordovik) Severnoi Estonii [Stratigraphy of the Viru and Harju series (Ordovician) Northern Estonia]. Tallin: Valgus, 1970. 345 p. In Russ.
3. Dronov A.V., Tolmacheva T.Yu., Iskyul’ G.S. Nizhnii paleozoi okrestnostei Sankt-Peterburga [The Lower Paleozoic of the environs of St. Petersburg]. Putevoditel’ ekskursii. Saint Petersburg: 2012. 52 p. In Russ.
4. Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia. Tallinn. 1997. Estonian Acad. Publishers. 436 p.
5. Ul’st R.Zh., Gailite L.K., Yakovleva V.I. Ordovik Latvii. Riga : Zinatne, 1982. 294 p. In Russ.
6. Paškevičius, J. The geology of the Baltic republics. Vil’nyus : Vilnius University, Geological Survey of Lithuania, 1997. pp. 1–387. In Russ.
7. Verbitskii V.R., Verbitskii I.V., Vasil’eva O.V., Savanin V.V. et al. Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Masshtab 1:1 000 000 (tret’e pokolenie). Seriya Tsentral’no-Evropeiskaya. Listy O-35 – Pskov, (N 35), O-36 – Sankt-Peterburg. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska. Saint Petersburg. : VSEGEI, 2012. 510 p. In Russ.
8. Reshenie Mezhvedomstvennogo regional’nogo stratigraficheskogo soveshchaniya po kembriiskim otlozheniyam Russkoi platformy (Vil’nyus, 1983) s unifitsirovannoi stratigraficheskoi skhemoi. Leningrad: VSEGEI, 1986. 49 p. In Russ.
9. Resheniya Mezhvedomstvennogo stratigraficheskogo soveshchaniya po ordoviku i siluru Vostochno-Evropeiskoi platformy s regional’nymi stratigraficheskimi skhemami (Leningrad, 1984 g.). Leningrad: VSEGEI, 1987. 115 p. In Russ.
10. Postanovleniya Mezhvedomstvennogo stratigraficheskogo komiteta i ego postoyannykh komissii. Vyp. 41. Saint Petersburg: Izd-vo VSEGEI, 2012. 48 p. In Russ.
11. Postanovleniya Mezhvedomstvennogo stratigraficheskogo komiteta i ego postoyannykh komissii. Vyp. 42. Saint Petersburg: Izd-vo VSEGEI, 2013. 64 p. In Russ.
12. Postanovleniya Mezhvedomstvennogo stratigraficheskogo komiteta i ego postoyannykh komissii. Vyp. 29. Saint Petersburg, 1997. 36 p. In Russ.
13. Otmas A.A. Strukturnye lovushki i ikh resursnyi potentsial [Structural traps and their resource potential]. Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdenii. 2010;(9):36–40. In Russ.
14. Desyatkov V.M., Otmas A.A., Siryk S.I. Neftegazonosnost’ Kaliningradskogo regiona [Oil and gas potential of the Kaliningrad region]. Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdenii. 2006;(8):24–30. In Russ.
15. Otmas A.A., Chegesov V.K., Aryutyunov V.A. Struktura osadochnogo chekhla i istoriya tektonicheskogo regiona [The structure of the sedimentary cover and the history of the tectonic region]. Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdenii. 2006;(8):4–13. In Russ.
16. Zytner Yu.I., Fenin G.I. Perspektivy ordovikskikh otlozheniĭ Gusevskoĭ neftyanoĭ zalezhi [Prospects of Ordovician deposits Gusevskaya oil field]. Neftegazovaya geologiya. Teoriya i praktika. 2010;5(4). Available at: http://www.ngtp.ru/rub/4/47_2010.pdf (accessed 21.11.2024). In Russ.
17. Aver’yanova O.Yu. Neftegazovye sistemy nekotorykh osadochnykh basseinov Evropy [Oil and gas systems of some sedimentary basins in Europe]. Neftegazovaya geologiya. Teoriya i praktika. 2015;10(2). Available at: http://www.ngtp.ru/rub/12/17_2015.pdf (accessed 20.11.2024). DOI: 10.17353/2070-5379/17_2015. In Russ.
18. Merkulova A.N., Petrova Yu.E., Shimanskiĭ S.V. Kharakteristika uglevodorodnykh sistem Baltiĭskoĭ samostoyatel’noĭ neftenosnoĭ oblasti [Characteristics of the hydrocarbon systems of the Baltic independent oil-bearing region]. Neftegazovaya geologiya. Teoriya i praktika. 2024;19(3). Available at: https://www.ngtp.ru/rub/2024/21_2024.html (accessed 22.12.2024). In Russ.
19. Postanovleniya Mezhvedomstvennogo stratigraficheskogo komiteta Rossii i ego postoyannykh komissii [Resolutions of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee of Russia and its Permanent Commissions]. Vyp. 44. Saint Petersburg : Izd-vo VSEGEI, 2016. 68 p. In Russ.
20. Alekseev A.S. Exploration maturity of pre-Cambrian and Phanerozoic stratigraphy in Russia. Objectives of further research. Regulations of interagency commission on stratigraphy and its standing committees. Postanovleniya mezhvedomstvennogo stratigraficheskogo komiteta i ego postoyannykh komissii. Saint Petersburg: Izd-vo VSEGEI; 2008. Issue 38. pp. 61–68. In Russ.
21. Postanovleniya Mezhvedomstvennogo stratigraficheskogo komiteta i ego postoyannykh komissii [Resolutions of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee and its standing Committees]. V. 22. Leningrad : Izd-vo VSEGEI, 1985. 86 p. In Russ.
22. Mens K., Bergstrem Ya., Lendzen K. Kembrii Vostochno-Evropeiskoi platformy (Korrelyats. skhema i ob”yasnit. Zapiska). Tallin : Valgus, 1987. 119 p. In Russ.
23. Volkova N.A., Gnilovskaya M.B., Palii V.V., Lindzen K., Kir’yanov V.V., Palii V.M., Pashkvichene L.T., Piskun L.V., Posti E., Rozanov A.Yu., Urbanek A., Fedonkin M.A., Yankauskas T.V. Paleontologiya verkhnedokembriiskikh i kembriiskikh otlozhenii Vostochno-Evropeiskoi platform [Paleontology of the Upper Precambrian and Cambrian sediments of the East European Platform]. Moscow: Nauka, 1979. 212 p. In Russ.
24. Volkova N.A. Akritarkhi srednego i verkhnego kembriya Vostochno-Evropeiskoi platformy. Moscow: Nauka, 1990. 116 p. In Russ.
25. Volkova N.A., Kir’yanov V.V. Regional’naya stratigraficheskaya skhema sredne-verkhnekembriiskikh otlozhenii Vostochno-Evropeiskoi platformy [Regional stratigraphic scheme of the Middle-Upper Cambrian sediments of the East European Platform]. Stratigrafiya. Geol. korrelyatsiya. 1995;3(5):66–75. In Russ.
26. Geologic Time Scale 2020. Gradstein F., Ogg J., Schmitz M., Ogg G. (Eds). Elsevier Science Ltd., 2020. 1390 p.
27. Ahlberg, P. Trilobites in the Lower Cambrian of Scandinavia. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 1991;113(1): 74–75.
28. Nielsen, A.T., Schovsbo, N.H. The regressive Early-Mid Cambrian “Hawke Bay Event” in Baltoscandia: Epeirogenic uplift in concert with eustasy. Earth-Science Reviews, 2015;(151):288–350.
29. Geyer G., Shergold J. The quest for internationally recognized divisions of Cambrian time. Episodes. 2000;23(3):188–195.
30. Popov L.E., Khazanovich K.K. Bopovko N.G. Opornye razrezy i stratigrafiya kembro ordovikskoi fosforitonosnoi obolovoi tolshchi na severo-zapade Russkoi platform [Reference sections and stratigraphy of the Cambrian-Ordovician phosphorite bearing Obolian strata in the north-west of the Russian Platform]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1989. 222 p. In Russ.
31. Volkova N.A. Akritarkhi i korrelyatsiya venda i kembriya zapadnoi chasti Russkoi platformy [Acritarchs and the correlation of the Vendian and Cambrian of the Western part of the Russian Platform]. Sovetskaya geologiya. 1973;(4):48–62. In Russ.
32. Zagorodnykh V.A., Dovbnya A.V, Zhamoida V.A. Stratigrafiya Kaliningradskogo regiona [Stratigraphy of the Kaliningrad region]. Kaliningrad, 2001. 226 p. In Russ.
33. Dmitrovskaya Yu.E., Rozanov A.Yu., Kagramanyan N.G., Esipko O.A. Mestnaya stratigraficheskaya skhema raschleneniya kembriya Moskovskoi sineklizy [Local stratigraphic scheme of the Cambrian division of the Moscow Syneclise]. Otechestvennaya geologiya. 1999;(11):28–38. In Russ.
34. Dmitrovskaya Yu.E., Kheraskova T.N. Pozdnekembriisko-ranneordovikskaya paleogeograficheskaya i geodinamicheskaya obstanovki v tsentral’nykh raionakh Russkoi plity [Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician Paleogeographic and geodynamic conditions in the central regions of the Russian Plate]. Litologiya i poleznye iskopaemye. 1997;(6):605–615. In Russ.
35. Yankauskas T. Biostratigrafiya pogranichnykh otlozhenii nizhnego i srednego kembriya v Litve [Biostratigraphy of boundary deposits of the Lower and Middle Cambrian in Lithuania]. Izv. AN Estonii. 1991;40(4):152–159. In Russ.
36. Moczydłowska M. Acritarch biostratigraphy of the Lower Cambrian and the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary in southeastern Poland. Fossils and strata. 1991;(29):1–27.
37. Moczydłowska M. The early Cambrian phytoplankton radiation: acritarch evidence from the Lükati Formation, Estonia. Palynology. 2011;35(1):103–145.
38. Jachowicz-Zdanowska M. Cambrian phytoplankton of the Brunovistulicum — taxonomy and biostratigraphy. Polish Geological Institute Special Papers. 2013;28. 150 p.
39. The Geologic Time Scale 2012. 2-volume set. In: F.M. Gradstein, J.G. Ogg, Schmitz M.D., Ogg G. M. (Eds). Elsevier Science Ltd., 2012. 1176 p.
40. Suyarkova A.A., Koren′ T.N. Advances in the Ordovician graptolite biostratigraphy of the St. Petersburg area, Russia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2009;58(1):3–9. In Russ.
41. Sennikov N.V., Tolmacheva T.Yu., Obut O.T. Novyi yarusnyi standart ordovikskoi sistemy v MSSh i problemy ego ispol’zovaniya na territorii Rossii [The new Ordovician longline standard in the MSS and the problems of its use in Russia]. Obshchaya stratigraficheskaya shkala Rossii: sostoyanie i problemy obustroistva. Vserossiiskoe soveshchanie (Moscow, 23–25 May 2013). Sb. statei. GIN RAN. Moskva, 2013. pp. 101–112. In Russ.
42. Hints O., Nõlvak J., Viira V. Age of Estonian kukersite oil shale – Middle or Late Ordovician? Oil Shale. 2007;24(4):527–533.
43. Nõlvak J., Hints O., Männik P. Ordovician timescale in Estonia: recent developments. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Geol. 2006;55(2):95–108.
44. Ivantsov A. The trilobites of subfamily Asaphinae of Baltic-Ladoga clint. Paleontological Journal. 2003;37(3):231–336.
45. Myannil’ R.M. Istoriya razvitiya Baltiiskogo basseina v ordovike. Tallin: Valgus. 1966. 200 p. In Russ.
46. Tolmacheva T.Yu. Ordovik Kaliningradskoi oblasti: pervye dannye po obosnovaniyu vozrasta svit po konodontam [Ordovician of the Kaliningrad region: the first data on the substantiation of the age of formations by conodonts]. Tempy evolyutsii organicheskogo mira i biostratigrafiya. Mat-ly LVII sessii Paleontologicheskogo obshchestva pri RAN (Saint Petersburg, 5–8 april 2011). Saint Petersburg, 2011. pp. 125–127. In Russ.
47. Iskyul’ G.S. Litostratigrafiya sredneordovikskikh (darrivil’skikh) otlozhenii reki Volkhov, Severo-Zapad Rossii: azeriskii, lasnamyagiskii i ukhakuskii gorizonty [Lithostratigraphy of the Middle Ordovician (Darriville) deposits of the Volkhov River, Northwestern Russia: Azerisky, Lasnamyagisky and Ukhak horizons]. Regional’naya geologiya i metallogeniya. 2024;(98):5–31. In Russ.
48. Koren’ T.N., Lenz A., Loydell D.K., Melchin M., Storch P., Teller L. Generalized graptolite zonal sequence defining Silurian time intervals for global paleogeographic studies. Lethaia. 1996;29(1):59–60.
49. Sennikov N.V., Suyarkova A.A. Mezhregional’nye zonal’nye korrelyatsionnye intervaly silura Rossii po graptolitam [Interregional zonal correlation intervals of the Silurian of Russia for graptolites]. Sovremennye problemy paleontologii. Materialy LXI sessii Paleontologicheskogo obshchestva pri RAN (Saint Petersburg, 6–10 April 2015). Saint Petersburg, 2015. pp189–191. In Russ.
50. Ul’st R.Zh. Posledovatel’nost’ graptolitovykh zon v pogranichnykh otlozheniyakh silura i ordovika v razrezakh skvazhin na morskom prodolzhenii Kaliningradskogo vystupa [Sequence of graptolite zones in Silurian and Ordovician boundary sediments in borehole sections on the marine extension of the Kaliningrad Salient]. Paleontologiya i stratigrafiya fanerozoya Latvii i Baltiiskogo morya. Riga : Zinatne, 1992. pp. 139–144. In Russ.
51. Koren’ T.N., Modzalevskaya T.L., Suyarkova A.A. Regional’naya stratigraficheskaya skhema silura Vostochno-Evropeiskoi platformy [Regional stratigraphic scheme of the Silurian of the Eastern European Platform]. Region. geologiya i metallogeniya. Saint Petersburg. : Izd-vo VSEGEI, 2009;(39):24–32. In Russ.
52. Suyarkova A.A. Biostratigrafiya nizhnesiluriiskikh otlozhenii Kaliningradskoi oblasti po graptolitam [Biostratigraphy of the Lower Silurian deposits of the Kaliningrad region by graptolites]. In: T.Yu. Tolmacheva, ed. Saint Petersburg : Izd-vo VSEGEI, 2017. 126 p. In Russ.
53. Suyarkova A.A. Biostratigrafiya ludlovskikh otlozhenii Kaliningradskoi oblasti po graptolitam (novye dannye iz skvazhiny Severo-Gusevskaya-1) [Biostratigraphy of the Ludlov deposits of the Kaliningrad region by graptolites (new data from the Severo-Gusevskaya-1 well)]. Paleontologiya i stratigraficheskie granitsy. Materialy LVIII sessii Paleontologicheskogo obshchestva pri RAN (Saint Petersburg, 2–6 April 2012). Saint Petersburg : 2012. pp. 136–137. In Russ.