Shimanskiy 5-2024

S.V. Shimanskiy, Yu.E. Petrova, N.Ya. Vasil’ev, A.N. Merkulova, G.A. Galadzhyan

Features of hydrocarbon system formation based on basin modelling and geological exploration priorities in continental part of Baltic Independent Petroleum Area

DOI 10.47148/0016-7894-2024-5-17-32

Key words: Baltic Independent Petroleum Area; Baltic syneclise; petroleum system; oil and gas source rock; 1D basin modelling; play; reservoir; trap; impermeable bed; Transformation Ratio; paleodepth; paleotemperature; sedimentation; heat flow; table of events.

For citation: Shimanskiy S.V., Petrova Yu.E., Vasil’ev N.Ya., Merkulova A.N., Galadzhyan G.A. Features of hydrocarbon system formation based on basin modelling and geological exploration priorities in continental part of Baltic Independent Petroleum Area. Geologiya nefti i gaza. 2023;(5):17–32. DOI:10.47148/0016-7894-2023-5-17-32. In Russ.

The authors present the current evaluation of oil industry in the Kaliningrad region. They describe characteristics of petroleum systems of the Baltic Independent Petroleum Area and discuss factors that have influenced their development. It is found that the conventional oil accumulations in reservoirs of three plays were formed as a result of hydrocarbon supply from heterochronous source rocks. Analysis of paleotectonic development of five oil fields’ structures in the Baltic Independent Petroleum Area, which were discovered in continental part of the Kaliningrad region was carried out. It was determined that hydrocarbon accumulations in Middle Cambrian reservoir in the western part of the region are confined to structural traps formed in Hercynian tectogenesis phase. At the same time, the accumulations of the eastern part are secondary and were formed in Cimmerian and Alpine traps. The 1D-basin modelling of continental part of the Baltic Independent Petroleum Area allowed revealing considerable anisotropy of geological parameters over the entire territory from west to east, which is the cause of zonation of each individual hydrocarbon system (Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian) development, as well as the depositional basin as a whole. In western areas, all the source rocks stayed in oil window for a long time, and realized their generation potential to the maximum; in central parts — by half and only Cambrian source rocks; and in the east — no one source rock reached oil window. Consequently, hydrocarbon accumulations in the east of the region could be formed only because of fluid migration from central and western areas. Based on the results of 1D basin modelling of continental part of the Baltic Independent Petroleum Area, priority areas for regional geological exploration are identified.